Glossary

Academic integrity

Ethical approach to education (ex. No cheating, plagiarism)

Ad hominem

Attacks the character or circumstances of the person

Aesthetic values

Evaluation of artwork or beautyy

Aknowledgement & Response

But what about...questions?

Arguments

Statements that provide an answer (reasoning) to an issue

Assumptions

Taking an act or statement for granted (Merriam-Webster Online)

Author's rights

The originating author rights to a work

Background Information

Information that defines or decribes a topic

Begging the question

The conclusion of an argument is presupposed

Bias

Prejudiced perspective

Citation Management Software

Software used to organize citations

Citation Style

A style for citing resources (ex. MLA, APA, Chicago)

Citing

The process in which you give credit for resources used in a paper, speech or other completed work

Claim

What you want me to believe

Conclusion

Answers the issue - Conclusion follows a conclusion indicator

Contradictory statements

False statement

Copyright

Legal ownership of an original work (writing, art, video)

Creative Commons

Licenses that allow creators to define the use of their works

Critical thinking

“Critical thinking is a habit of mind characterized by the comprehensive exploration of issues, ideas and artifacts before accepting or formulating an opinion or conclusion”

Data

Units of information

Database

Organized data that can be retreived

Database scope

The content focus of a database (ex. History, Biology, Psychology), date range of resources, and format of resources

Deductive arguments

Premises (if true) that guarantee the truth of the conclusion

Deductive Inference

When the truth of the premises makes the falsity of the conclusion logically impossible

Evaluative

Judgements about good or bad, right or wrong

Evidence

How do you know, proof

Extrinsic values

How something contributes to a further purpose

Fact

Something known or proven true

Fair use

The ability to use works for educational purposes (There are limits)

Fallacies

a deceptive argument

False appeal to authority

Authority cited is not an expert in the "field"

False dilemma

When only two alternatives are presented and there are more

Fast thinking

Making fast decisions

Field

Specific information in a record (ex. title, date)

First sale doctrine

What gives library's the abiity to save and store works for patrons - limits rights for resale

Hasty Generalization

A generalization made on the basis of insuffuficient evidence

Indicator words (markers)

Words that introduce a premise or conclusion

Inductive Arguments

Has premises which make it likely that the conclusion is true

Inductive Inference

The truth of the premises makes the falsity of the conclusion possible, but unlikely

Inference

Educated guesses

Information Lifecycle

The stages through which information passes from the time of an event

Information Need

Required information about a topic/subject

Informed reasoning

Claims that can be substantiated

Intrinsic Value

Intrinsic value is the internal value (value itself) or worth

Issue

A question in an argument

Judging

Evaluating the reasoning of other peoples opnions

Labeling

Focusing on a particular feature of a group of people or things

Library catalog

Database for information about books, journals, videos and other resources

Main concept

Primary idea

Moral values

Morals, also known as moral values, are the system of beliefs that emerge out of core values (yourdictionary.com)

Objective (Facts)

Accurate

Opinion

A view or judgement

Paraphrase

Paraphrasing means ‘to state something written or spoken in different words, especially in a shorter and simpler form to make the meaning clearer’ (Cambridge Online Dictionary, 2022).

Peer review

Articles reviewed by scholars & experts

Personal values

Values endorsed by the individual

Plagiarism

The act of taking credit for other people's work

Popular source

Information directed to all audiences (entertainment)

Preconceived ideas

Ideas that decisively influence our thinking

Premise

Statement of the issue - premise follows a premise indicator

Primary Source

First hand information in its original form

Professional source

Information directed toward professionals in a field (ex. construction)

Public domain

Works that are freely avaiabe to the public for any use

Qualitative information

Descriptive information

Quantitative Data

Measurable information

Reasoning

Evaluations for better or worse

Reasons

Why should I agree

Record

The complete information about a resource found in a database

Regular Question

Questions that can be answered with a fact

Research paper

Uses evidence for in-depth writing on academic topics

Research Question

Defines what the researcher is trying to find out

Scholarly article structure

The layout of a research article (abstract, introduction, discussion, etc...)

Scholarly source

Information directed toward scholars, students, and sometimes the public

Search strategy

Process for seeking for information

Secondary Source

Second hand information, a restatement or interpretation of information

Slippery slope

If you allow exceptions to a rule, you go down the slope away from the rule

Slow thinking

Deliberative - thinking carefully

Social conditioning

Embedded ideas based on social conditioning (family, education, friends, etc.) Social conditioning is the sociological process of training individuals in a society to respond in a manner generally approved by the society in general and peer groups within society from (en.wikipedia.org)

Stereotyping

Assumptions about characteristics about certain people

Straw man

Ignores the strong points of an argument, attacks something or someone else

Subjective (facts)

Less factual

Summary

A statement that captures the main points of the original work

Synonyms

Like terms

Synthesis

Merging or combining

Tertiary Source

Third hand information, dictionary, encyclopedia, almanac

Thesaurus

Process for searching for information

Thesis Statement

States the main idea of a paper

Truncation

Usually an * that captures varied term possibilities (ex. comput* computer, compute, computation...)

Truth

Absolute, not partial

Values

Standards or ideals used for evaluation in decision making

Warrant

A guarantee (certification) for an action or belief

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Critical Thinking in Academic Research - Second Edition Copyright © 2022 by Cindy Gruwell and Robin Ewing is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book