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15 Spain, Sandra Cruz Rincón

Spain

Spain is located in southwestern Europe, with approximately 47 million people. The nation provides public healthcare to all of its residents through the use of a universal healthcare system that is funded by taxes. Private healthcare services are also available. 

My name is Sandra Cruz Rincón. I currently work as a nurse specializing in patients with multiple chronic conditions at the Casco Viejo Health Center in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country, Spain). Before reaching this point, I worked in various departments: emergency, trauma, neonatology, urology… Like most of my colleagues, I moved from one place to another, learning to develop our work on the go.

The first time I worked in Primary Health Care was in 2009 in Madrid, and since then, I have been fortunate to continue in this field. After 10 years of experience working in different health centers, while in Vitoria, I was offered the role of specialist nurse for patients with multiple chronic conditions at the Casco Viejo Health Center. This role would only be represented in five health centers in the city. We would take care of patients with multiple chronic conditions, closely monitoring them: explaining their illness very well (to them or their caregivers), the signs and symptoms for which they should contact us during periods of decompensation of any of their conditions, making frequent home or office visits, among many other care tasks. I accepted, and in October 2019, I started this new challenge.

March 2020, Covid-19 arrived in our lives. I hope I can describe well how I felt, how we felt, how everything changed. I remember the uncertainty, the confusion, the PPE (or lack thereof), the masks, the FEAR… Many of my colleagues went to help at the hospital as they were overwhelmed there. The health center, on the other hand, was almost deserted. Although most consultations were by phone, there were also numerous home visits. Patients were afraid and did not want to come to the center. We professionals were also afraid of contaminating them, getting contaminated and contaminating our families.

The first weeks were very hard. If a patient was admitted, the worried family would come to us for information. They were alone, and their families were desperate for the little information we could give them and what they heard in the media. As a result of this situation, a very close and intimate relationship was created with the families, which continues to this day and helps us in our work.

One very positive thing I remember is the great team we formed. In Primary Health Care, we work as a team, but what emerged in 2020 was more than that. Maybe it was because there were fewer of us, but we worked side by side more than ever, and any fear, problem, or difficult situation was shared by everyone.

Gradually, the measures became more relaxed, and people started losing their fear. By the end of May, there was a noticeable increase in people coming to the health center. We were returning to our usual way of working, although trying to avoid crowds, which was sometimes the most difficult… Most of the population arrived at the center more calmly; they could go out, they were fine. A few came angry and made us the target of their anger. Healthcare changed; without a negative PCR, surgeries were not performed, endoscopies were not done, many specialized consultations were delayed or lost. Many patients with decompensated conditions, out of fear, stayed at home when they got sick and did not call or come to the center, consequently worsening and being admitted. The Emergency Departments were overcrowded, and we professionals were also very tired.

From this pandemic, I could highlight good things, like the relationship with my colleagues, the bond with the families, or the importance of patient self-care. This last point has made me reflect on the importance of patients knowing their illness, the signs and symptoms that indicate something is wrong. By empowering patients during this time, we have avoided hospital admissions in overcrowded hospitals.

Unfortunately, we can also point out bad things, but those don’t need to be told; we already know them and can summarize them with feelings of fear, pain, loneliness…

2023, “normality” has returned, although some measures are here to stay, including telephone consultations, which have been and are a good way to solve specific problems. But we must not forget face-to-face consultations, which seem to be disappearing in this health system. They tell us it is the era of telemedicine, perhaps due to the current shortage of professionals. If the decision-makers concluded from all this that it is not necessary to see, touch, and listen, they are wrong. Quality healthcare is not about attending to the largest number of people; quality healthcare is about attending well to those people, dedicating the necessary time to explore, diagnose, inform, and listen… I would like to end by quoting Gro Harlem Brundtland: “Investing in health will produce enormous benefits.”

In Spanish:

Me llamo Sandra Cruz Rincón. Actualmente trabajo como enfermera referente del paciente pluripatológico en el Centro de Salud del Casco Viejo de Vitoria-Gasteiz (País Vasco, España). Pero antes de llegar hasta aquí trabajé en diferentes servicios: urgencias, traumatología, neonatos, urología… Como la gran mayoría de mis compañeras y compañeros estuve dando tumbos de un lado a otro y aprendiendo a desarrollar nuestro trabajo sobre la marcha.

La primera vez que trabajé en Atención Primaria fue en 2009 en Madrid, y desde ese momento he tenido la suerte de continuar en este ámbito. Tras 10 años de experiencia, trabajando en diferentes centros de salud, estando en Vitoria, me propusieron ser referente del paciente pluripatológico en el Centro de Salud Casco Viejo. Esta figura solo estaría representada en cinco centros de salud de la ciudad. Nos ocuparíamos de pacientes pluripatológicos, a los que tendríamos que hacer un seguimiento estrecho: explicarles muy bien su enfermedad (a ellos o a sus cuidadores), los signos y síntomas por los que tienen que ponerse en contacto con nosotras en periodos de descompensación de alguna de sus patologías, realizar visitas frecuentes en domicilio o en consulta, entre otros muchos cuidados. Acepté y en octubre de 2019 empecé en este nuevo reto.

Marzo de 2020, el Covid 19 llegó a nuestras vidas, espero saber describir bien cómo me sentí, cómo nos sentimos, cómo todo cambió. Recuerdo la incertidumbre, el desconcierto, los EPIs (o su carencia), las mascarillas, el MIEDO… Muchas de mis compañeras fueron a ayudar al hospital ya que allí estaban desbordados. El centro de salud, en cambio, estaba casi desierto. A pesar de que la mayoría de las consultas eran telefónicas, también había numerosas consultas domiciliarias. Los pacientes tenían miedo y no querían venir al centro. Los profesionales también teníamos miedo de contagiarlos, de contagiarnos y de contagiar a nuestras familias.

Las primeras semanas fueron muy duras, si ingresaba algún paciente, la familia preocupada acudía a nosotras para conseguir alguna información. Estaban solos y sus familias desesperadas por la poca información que podían darles y por lo que escuchaban en los medios de comunicación. A raíz de esta situación se creó una relación con los familiares muy estrecha y cercana, que actualmente continúa y nos ayuda en nuestro trabajo.

Algo muy positivo que recuerdo es el equipazo que formamos los compañeros, en Atención Primaria se trabaja en equipo, pero lo que surgió en 2020 fue más que eso, tal vez es porque nos quedamos pocos, pero trabajamos codo con codo más que nunca y cualquier miedo, problema o situación difícil, era compartida por todos.

Poco a poco las medidas fueron siendo más laxas y la gente iba perdiendo el miedo. A finales de mayo se notó el incremento de gente que acudía al centro de salud. Fuimos recuperando la manera habitual de trabajar, aunque intentando evitar las aglomeraciones, que a veces, era lo más difícil… La mayor parte de la población llegaba más tranquila al centro, ya podían salir, estaban bien. Unos pocos venían enfadados y nos convertían en blanco de sus enfados. La sanidad cambió, sin una PCR negativa no operaban, no hacían endoscopias, retrasaron y se perdieron muchas consultas con especializada. Muchos pacientes descompensados, por miedo, aguantaron en sus casas cuando enfermaron y no llamaron ni acudieron al centro, en consecuencia, empeoraron e ingresaron. Las Urgencias estaban abarrotadas y los profesionales estábamos también muy cansados.

De esta pandemia podría destacar cosas buenas, como la relación con mis compañeros, el vínculo con los familiares o la importancia que toma el autocuidado de los pacientes. Esto último me ha hecho reflexionar sobre la importancia que tiene que el paciente conozca su enfermedad, los signos y síntomas que avisan de que algo no va bien, empoderando al paciente en esta época hemos evitado ingresos en los hospitales colapsados de gente.

Por desgracia, también podemos señalar cosas malas, pero esas, no hace falta contarlas, ya las conocemos y las podemos resumir con estos sentimientos de miedo, dolor, soledad…

2023, ha vuelto la “normalidad”, aunque hay medidas que vinieron para quedarse, entre ellas, la consulta telefónica, que ha sido y es una buena manera de solventar problemas concretos, pero no debemos de olvidar la consulta presencial, que parece que en este sistema de salud se está perdiendo. Nos dicen que es la época de la telemedicina, tal vez, por la situación que estamos viviendo de falta de profesionales. Si los mandamases, la conclusión que sacaron de todo esto es que no es necesario ver, tocar y escuchar, están equivocados. La sanidad de calidad no es atender al mayor número de personas, la sanidad de calidad es atender bien a esas personas, dedicándoles el tiempo necesario para explorar, diagnosticar, para informar, para escuchar… Me gustaría terminar citando a Gro Harlem Brundtland “Invertir en salud producirá enormes beneficios”.

Additional Information About Nursing in Spain

In Spain, there are over 300,000 registered nurses or about 6 nurses for every 1000 persons. Spain requires students to complete a four-year program resulting in a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) before they may work as registered nurses. Spanish nurses have access to postgraduate programs including master’s and doctoral degrees. After graduating, most nurses work in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes and community health. Furthermore, the EIR exam (Examen de Enfermería Interna Residente) is a licensure exam that nursing BSN graduates must pass if they want to specialize in areas like pediatrics, oncology, community health, mental health, etc. It is comparable to residency programs for doctors but instead focuses on advanced nursing specialties. Once a nurse passes the EIR, they are placed into a residency program, which generally lasts two years, depending on the specialty. However, nurses pursuing general practice are exempted from the EIR test requirement as it is only applicable to nurses pursuing specialty options. 

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This work (COVID 19: A Global Shift in Family Nursing Practice by International Family Nursing Association) is free of known copyright restrictions.