Chapter 7: Autism Spectrum Disorders

By LeAnne Syring, PhD

The Māori word for autism is Takiwatanga and means “In one’s own time and space.” The movement to understand autism accentuates the asset-based understanding. Instead of looking at people with autism as needing correction to bring them to what is commonly thought of as normal behavior, instead, it is important to understand the behaviors and thought processes as strengths of the individual. Understanding autism and how to support the needs of people with autism recognizes their individuality and justifies their uniqueness and abilities (Schuck et al., 2022). Respecting and responding to individuals as individuals acknowledges their “own time and space.” Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurological disorders that affect 1 in 100 children around the world (autismspeaks.org). Such neurological differences result in difficulty in communication, social interaction, and restrictive or repetitive behaviors. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates the rate in the United States at 1 in 44 children. ASD not only affects the children themselves with the diagnosis, but also their entire family. Autism is a lifelong condition that people do not “outgrow.” This chapter explores the early signs, suspected causes, characteristics, prevalence, and student support strategies and resources.