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Common Misconceptions & Myths 

In this section, we delve into the myriad misconceptions and myths surrounding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a condition that affects individuals across a diverse spectrum. Despite increased awareness and understanding of ASD in recent years, numerous myths persist, influencing public perception and, potentially, the quality of life of those with autism. These myths can range from the origins and causes of autism to the capabilities and social desires of those affected.

By examining and debunking these myths, we aim to foster a more accurate and empathetic understanding of ASD. Not only is this crucial for eradicating stigma, but it’s also fundamental for ensuring that individuals with ASD receive the support and recognition they deserve.

As you read on, challenge your own preconceptions and consider the sources of these myths as well as their implications for people with ASD and their families.

Myth: Autism is caused by vaccines.

Fact: There is no straightforward evidence linking autism to vaccines. The original paper published has been disapproved and recognized as fraudulent.

Myth: Autism is caused by “refrigerator mothers.”

Fact: This idea came from research from the 1950s and was discounted by the 1960s. There is no evidence that poor parenting causes autism. Research suggests that there may be a genetic component that can be influenced by environmental factors to trigger the condition.

Myth: Autism manifests the same in each person.

Fact: ASD is a neurological disorder that affects each person differently. A common saying is, “If you have met one person with autism, you have only met one person with autism.” While the symptoms and diagnostic conditions may be similar, the effects are individual to each person.

Myth: Autism is caused by environmental factors.
Fact: There is no research tying environmental factors to autism. Research suggests that autism may be a genetic component that can be influenced by environmental factors to trigger the condition.
Myth: Autism is an epidemic.

Fact: The number of people being diagnosed has risen, which is due to changes in autism awareness and diagnosis.

Myth: People with Autism do not like to socialize.

Fact: Children with ASD do like to socialize, and they experience emotions. The atypical outwardly expression of their emotions is not typically recognized or acknowledged by others. Older children may seek interaction with others out, but in an atypical way.

Myth: People with ASD are savants.
Fact: The word savant comes from older research and denotes specially gifted, or intuitive, talents ranging from exceptional memory capacity to artistic talents. This is true for a minority of the ASD population. The “gifts” of autism are explored further in the chapter.

Myth: People with ASD have stims/repetitive behaviors that should be extinguished.

Fact: Repetitive actions are the results of boredom, stress, or merely playing. Behavioral modification may be tried to encourage more developmentally appropriate behaviors. The focus should be on the cause of the behavior instead of the behavior itself.

Myth: Children can outgrow ASD.

Fact: Autism is not a stage of development; it is a neurological disorder that is lifelong.   Autistic traits can change and develop as the child grows through exposure to atypical peers, appropriate therapy, and intervention. This support can help improve and develop new communication and social skills. Although ASD is a  lifelong disorder, many people with autism lead meaningful lives.

Myth: Children with ASD will never be independent.

Fact: This has been discounted many times. Many children grow to be independent  adults. They have jobs, friends, and spouses. Some may require support as adults, but many will be independent.

Myth: Children with ASD need to be in an institution or specialized school.

Fact: Children with autism benefit from interactions with peers. Their communication and social skills improve, and atypical behaviors decrease. Mainstreaming  children with ASD is optimal, using pull-out education only for specialized  instruction for minimal amounts of time. The diagnosis of ASD provides children with an IEP (Individual Education Plan), keeping their diagnosis and  special needs in mind.

Additional Reading

Article: 10 Misconceptions about Autism

 

Think, Write, Share

  • Consider the preconceived notions or myths you may have had prior to beginning this course. What is one myth you may have held?
  • Where do you think people who may believe these myths got them from?
  • How would you explain the vaccine myth to someone who believes that vaccines play a role in autism?

 

License

Learning and Human Development for Diverse Learners Copyright © 2023 by Staci Gilpin, Ph.D.; LeAnne Syring, Ph.D.; Amy Landers, Ph.D.; Laura Egan, SLP; and McKenzie Lee, SLP. All Rights Reserved.

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