Introduction

Human Anatomy & Physiology is licensed by David Anderson under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

This text and content was adapted by David Anderson from  Betts et al. (2022)’s Anatomy & Physiology 2e, published by OpenStax under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. When available in the original textbook or able to be found online, attribution links are included for graphics and photos not created and licensed by OpenStax. When attribution links were not available or found, creators’ names are provided.

Interactive questions and assessments created by David Anderson, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

Chapter PowerPoint slide decks published by OpenStax under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

Cover photo from PxHere released to public domain under Creative Commons CC0.

Page header graphic, Nov11_Fasc1.anatomy.in.motion by Beth Scupham, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0.